* Multi-head logging * Multi-level hash table for directory entries * Static/Dynamic hot and cold data separation * Adaptive logging scheme * Configurable operational units * Dual checkpoint * Roll-back and roll-forward recovery * Heap-style block allocation * TRIM/FITRIM support[3] * Online fs defragmentation/file defragmentation[4] * Inline xattrs[5]/data[6]/dir[7] * Offline filesystem check (Check and fix inconsistency[8]) * Atomic operations[9] * Filesystem-level encryption[10] * Offline resizing[11] * Inner periodically data flush[12] * extent cache[13]